Solomon also made all the furniture that was in the house of the Lord: the golden altar and the golden table on which was set the bread of the Presence; and the lampstands of pure gold, five on the right side and five on the left, in front of the inner sanctuary; and the flowers, the lamps, and the tongs, of gold; also the cups, the shears, the bowls, the ladles, and the firepans, of pure gold; - 1 Kings 7:48-50a

This morning we will begin our exploration of Revelation 16, which details the 7 bowls or plagues. This is the final series of judgments against the earth. Following these judgments the Great Tribulation will come to an end, and Jesus will return to set up His kingdom. Today we will consider the first 5 bowls, depicted vividly in verses 1-11.  

Before we begin, remember the scene described in the previous chapter. John saw 7 angels come out of the heavenly temple. 1 of the 4 living creatures gave each of them a golden bowl full of the wrath of God. Then the temple was filled with smoke and no one was allowed to enter...

I. THE 1ST BOWL (Revelation 16:1-2)

John heard a loud voice coming from the temple instructing the angels to go and pour out the seven bowls of God’s wrath. Upon hearing this directive, the 1st angel obediently went and poured out his bowl on the earth. When he did so, a painful and harmful sore afflicted those who had the mark of the beast and who worshiped his image.

The Bible does not give us any additional details about this agonizing sore. We don’t know where it appeared on the body or how long it remained. However, it is important to notice that this judgment was directed specifically at the Antichrist’s followers. Up to this point, the devastations of the tribulation generally affected the entire earth and all of its inhabitants. Meanwhile, the heavy persecutions of the beast narrowly targeted Israel and the Tribulation Saints (believers). For the first time, God’s anger was pointed exclusively toward His enemies. This 1st bowl marked the beginning of the end for Satan, the Antichrist, and the False Prophet.  

II. THE 2ND BOWL (Revelation 16:3)

John then saw the 2nd angel pour his bowl into the sea. It turned to blood “like that of a dead man”. Every living thing in the sea died. This atrocity can be compared to the 2nd trumpet judgment (Revelation 8:8-9) that took place sometime earlier during the Great Tribulation which caused  ⅓ of the sea to be turned to blood and ⅓ of the creatures in it to die. Now, as a result of this bowl, the destruction of the sea was complete - 100%.

It is hard to imagine the many effects that this would have. In an instant, there would be no more ocean creatures to eat and or use for producing other products. Shipping and marine trade would come to a complete and abrupt end, upending the world’s already floundering economy. Travel would be altered and restricted. Contamination and pollution from putrid, bloody oceans would cause worldwide sickness and death. The impact would be unimaginable... 

III. THE 3RD BOWL (Revelation 16:4-7)

Next, the 3rd angel poured his bowl out on the earth and all of the fresh-water rivers and springs (and therefore lakes, streams, etc) were also turned to blood. John heard “the angel of the waters” praising God for avenging the blood of slain prophets and saints by giving those who’d martyred them blood to drink. “They deserve it”, the angel said. A voice from the heavenly altar agreed and affirmed the righteousness of God’s judgments.

This is comparable to the blast of the 3rd trumpet (Revelation 8:10-11), after which ⅓ of the earth’s fresh-water was made bitter and undrinkable. Following this bowl judgment, all of the water was tainted. The remaining ⅔, which had been potable during much of the Great Tribulation, was also ruined. Now there was virtually no fresh-water to drink or to nourish plants or crops. If any supplies of fresh-water remained, they were extremely scarce and of the utmost value as life cannot exist long without drinkable water.

IV. THE 4TH BOWL (Revelation 16:8-9)

The 4th angel poured his bowl out on the sun and it was given power “to scorch people with fire”. Due to the severe heat, the masses were badly scorched and began to blaspheme God’s name. Though suffering from extreme sunburn, they still stubbornly refused to repent or give God glory. This is somewhat similar to the 1st trumpet judgment (Revelation 8:7), during which ⅓ of the earth’s plantlife and trees were burned up.

Some modern environmentalists suggest that such a catastrophe could occur due to the deterioration of the ozone layer which shields the earth from the sun’s intense heat. Global warming is a popular and sometimes controversial topic. Is it natural or man-made, or perhaps a combination of both? Can we do anything to significantly change it? While these questions are the subject of much debate, the Bible reveals clearly that in the last days temperatures will rise, famine and drought will increase, and people will suffer in the blistering rays of the hot sun.

V. THE 5TH BOWL (Revelation 16:10-11)

John watched as the 5th angel poured out his bowl on the throne of the beast. The kingdom of the Antichrist was “darkened” and he and his royal court were plagued with painful sores. They gnawed their tongues in agony and blasphemed the name of God, foolishly refusing to repent of their evil deeds.

The 5th bowl was, in some respects, a continuation and extension of the judgments begun by the 1st bowl. While the 1st bowl afflicted only the worshipers of the beast, the 5th bowl actually took aim at the beast and his attendants. The heavy persecution that the Antichrist had been wielding against the children of God was now being turned against him. As they say, “What goes around comes around.” His dominance was waning and his kingdom began to crumble...

CONCLUSION

The bowl judgments will take place during the final months of the Great Tribulation, setting the stage for Christ’s glorious return. Though their effects will certainly impact the entire world, their primary target will be the Antichrist and his followers. Let’s take a moment to highlight and emphasize this point.

The 1st bowl was exclusively aimed at those who took the mark of the beast or worshiped his image. The 3rd bowl was primarily against those who martyred God’s people and were deserving of God’s wrath. The 4th bowl hit those who blasphemed God’s name and refused to repent. The 5th bowl was precisely pointed at the Antichrist and his sinister kingdom.

Up to this point, the beast had imposed his tyrannical dictates and torments upon the people of God. He and his wicked cohorts had imposed severe persecutions against Israel and the Tribulation Saints throughout most of the Great Tribulation. But as his power began to slip and God’s judgment began to fall upon him, the Antichrist became increasingly crazed and desperate. What could he… what would he do to resist?

Now Mount Sinai was all in smoke because the Lord descended upon it in fire; and its smoke ascended like the smoke of a furnace, and the entire mountain quaked violently. - Exodus 19:18

Good morning. In today’s sermon we are going to discuss the events described in Revelation 15. This chapter has fewest verses in the entire book - only 8. Therefore, we will easily be able to cover the entire chapter in a single message. The events we’re about to consider take place in the heavenly throne room and temple. They serve as an introduction to the 7 bowls of wrath, the final series of God’s tribulation judgments, which will be poured out upon the earth.

I. A SONG OF TRIUMPH (Revelation 15:2-4)

John looked and saw something “like a sea of glass mixed with fire”. Standing on this sea were all of those who had been victorious over the beast, his image, his number, and his name. They were holding and playing harps while singing the song of Moses and the song of the Lamb.

There are various opinions about the make-up of this “sea of glass”. Though we can’t be certain, it seems to be some vast, brilliant, and translucent plane or surface upon which people could stand. Perhaps it is the floor of Heaven, through which events on the earth can be seen. John originally mentioned it back in Revelation 4, when he gave his overall description of the heavenly throne room.

There is a striking similarity between the details given here and those from Revelation 14:2-3. John had previously described a heavenly choir playing harps and singing a new song in heaven as the Lamb of God set foot on Mt. Zion. He saw the 144,000 believing Jews singing along with those in heaven as they welcomed Jesus’ return to the earth. Could it be that the group singing in heaven was the Tribulation Saints who had overcome the Antichrist? Might this “new song” be that of Moses and the Lamb? Perhaps these 2 passages speak of the same event, one from an earthly and the other from a heavenly perspective. It’s possible…

Moses wrote 3 full-length songs that are recorded in Scripture. The first was sung after the Children of Israel crossed the Red Sea (Exodus 15:1-21). The second anticipated Israel’s future apostasy and declared the Lord’s faithfulness (Deuteronomy 32:1-43). The third was a melodious prayer included with the songs of David, Solomon, and others (Psalm 90:1-17). The song of Moses and the Lamb, which John recorded in this passage, is a condensed chorus that combines many elements found in these 3 longer songs.

II. 7 ANGELS PREPARE (Revelation 15:1,5-7)

Next, John described seeing the heavenly temple being opened and 7 angels coming out of it. These angels were dressed in clean, bright linen and wore golden sashes on their chests. One of the four living creatures gave each of these angels a golden bowl, full of the wrath of God. These 7 bowls were synonymously referred to as the 7 plagues, and were to be God’s final series of judgments upon the earth.

The language used in these verses seems to place this scene near the end of the Great Tribulation. As we will see starting next week, when we move into chapter 16, the severity of these 7 plagues almost certainty necessitates that they occur not long before the Second Coming of Christ. They are absolutely devastating and serve as the culmination of God’s furious wrath. Following these judgments, the earth will be all but destroyed…

III. SMOKE FILLS THE TEMPLE (Revelation 15:8)

After watching the 7 angels come out of it to receive their golden bowls, John saw the heavenly temple being filled with the smoke of God’s glory and power. No one was allowed to enter the temple until the 7 plagues of the 7 angels were complete. In other words, the temple was off limits to everyone throughout the entire outpouring of the bowl judgments (possibly a period of several months).

In Old Testament times, after King Solomon had completed building it, God’s shekinah glory filled the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem (2 Chronicles 7:1-3). As a result, the priests were temporarily unable to enter it. Isaiah envisioned a similar occurrence when he saw the temple being filled with smoke (Isaiah 6:4) prior to his calling. The smoke represents the presence of God. Some readers have suggested that the smoke also served, in part, to prevent anyone from entering the heavenly temple to possibly intercede for mercy on behalf of the Antichrist or his kingdom. 

CONCLUSION

As we have stated before, the largest portion of Revelation covers the 7-year tribulation period (chapters 6-19) which includes 3 series of 7 judgments - the 7 seals, the 7 trumpets, and the 7 bowls or plagues. The Bible also mentions 7 undisclosed “thunders” (Revelation 10:3-4) which may or may not refer to yet another set of judgments. Sticking with the 3 that we are certain of, there are 2 prevailing views about their timing. Some believe that they will occur in chronological order (one set after the other) while others believe they will occur simultaneously (in layered fashion). Personally, I think both of these theories have some merit. In my opinion, they will be "chronologically layered".

The seals describe events that begin during the first part of the tribulation and persist throughout. For the most part, they are somewhat broad in nature and gradually become more severe over time. They are not exclusively attributed to the Devil or the Antichrist, but rather characterize the general condition of the earth during the last days.

The trumpets describe events that occur during the early and middle years of the Great Tribulation, when the Antichrist’s power and dominion are at their peak. They are much more specific, but are still limited in scope and extent. These judgments will be inflicted directly by the hand of God and/or through the wicked devices of the Antichrist.

The bowls describe events that occur during the final year or perhaps even months of the Great Tribulation, as the Antichrist’s kingdom and “Babylon the Great” begin to crumble. They are all-encompassing and merciless. These horrible judgments will fall upon all of the earth, including the Antichrist and his hapless followers.

The Tribulation Saints, who have overcome the beast (Antichrist), will sing the victors’ song. The heavenly temple will be filled with smoke while God’s final judgments are poured out on the earth. Next week we will begin discussing the bowl judgments. Get ready. It's going to be brutal...

Seeing the crowds, He felt compassion for them, because they were distressed and downcast, like sheep without a shepherd. Then He said to His disciples, “The harvest is plentiful, but the workers are few. Therefore, plead with the Lord of the harvest to send out workers into His harvest.” - Matthew 9:36-38

Good morning. Last week we talked about the first half of Revelation 14, which included scenes of the Lamb and the 144,000 on Mt. Zion, the flights of 3 angels, and the voice of the Holy Spirit. Today we will finish this chapter with a message tiled “The Harvest”. As people who live and work in an agricultural area, I think we’ll be able to easily identify with and appreciate the symbolism presented in this passage. 

I. THE HARVEST OF THE EARTH (Revelation 14:14-16)

John looked and saw someone “like a son of man” sitting on a white cloud. He wore a golden crown on His head and held a sharp sickle in His hand. An angel came out of the heavenly temple and said to Him, “Put in your sickle and reap, for the hour to reap has come, because the harvest of the earth is ripe.” Hearing this, the one who was sitting on the cloud swung His sickle over the earth, and it was reaped.

The harvest depicted in these verses was of the “earth”, generally thought of as a grain harvest. There are some who believe that the one sitting on the cloud was an angel, but the large majority (myself included) identify him as Jesus Christ, who often referred to Himself as “the Son of Man”. Angels are not human and would therefore not be described as being like a man, but Jesus is both fully human and fully God at the same time. Furthermore, it is more consistent with other related passages to view this harvester as the Lord, Jesus Christ. Let me explain…

During His earthly ministry, Jesus spoke of this future harvest in a parable known as the “Wheat and the Tares” (Matthew 13:24-30). In the parable, He told of a farmer who sowed a field with good wheat. However, his adversary came along and sowed bad seeds in the same field so that when the wheat began to sprout there were weeds growing up with it. Not wanting to potentially damage his harvest, the farmer allowed both the wheat and the tares to grow together. He intended to separate them one from another later, at harvest time.

Jesus went on to explain this parable to His disciples (Matthew 13:36-43). He explained that the Son of Man was the one who had sowed the field with good seeds. The enemy who sowed bad seeds was the devil. The field was the earth, the wheat was the children of God, and the tares (or weeds) were lost unbelievers. The workers who helped to reap the field and separate the good grain from the bad were angels. Jesus explained that this story depicted a future judgment that would occur at the end of the age, during which the unrighteous would be gathered up and cast into a fiery furnace while the righteous would shine like the sun in the Father’s kingdom.

I believe, as do many other Bible scholars, that the harvest of the earth which John described in Revelation is the literal fulfillment of Jesus’ parable. Jesus will someday divide the wheat from the tares, so as to reward the righteous and punish the wicked. Until then, however, we are all living in this world together.

II. THE HARVEST OF THE VINE (Revelation 14:17-20)

John saw another angel coming out of the heavenly temple, also holding a sharp sickle. Then yet another angel with the power of fire came out from the heavenly altar and cried out to the first one, “Put in your sharp sickle and gather the clusters from the vine of the earth, because her grapes are ripe.” Having received permission, the angel with the sickle swung it over the earth, gathered the clusters from the vine, and threw them into the great winepress of God’s wrath. There they were trampled outside of the city and great quantities of blood poured out, forming a pool measuring roughly 4 to 5 feet deep and almost 200 miles long.

The harvest described in these verses was “from the vine”. In Biblical times, grapes were gathered and pressed, and their juice was collected and used for making wine. What John saw had been spoken of by the prophet Joel in the Old Testament (Joel 3:12-14). Again, it referred to a great end time judgment. In this harvest, the ripened grapes represented the wicked who would be thrown into the winepress of God’s wrath to be crushed. The resulting blood that flowed has been determined to be either that of the wicked themselves or of the saints who they martyred.

Some interpreters understand this harvest of the vine to be completely distinct from the grain harvest mentioned in the previous verses insisting that they are totally separate events. However, I (and many others) tend to think they describe the same event in 2 different ways. The first depiction emphasizes that Jesus is the chief harvester, with the angels following His direction. The second stresses and graphically describes the horrifying fate of the unsaved. Let me repeat: I believe that there will only be 1 grand harvest, and propose that this pair of scenes (of grain and of grapes) are both representations of the same occurrence.

From this passage we get the phrase, “the grapes of wrath”. This is the title of a classic American novel by John Steinbeck that tells the story of a small-time farm family struggling to survive during the Dust Bowl era. The “grapes of wrath” are also mentioned in the lyrics of the popular patriotic anthem called “The Battle Hymn of the Republic”. In these verses we also read of “the grim reaper”, although pop culture’s image of this character is vastly different that the angel described here in Scripture.

III. PARALLEL PASSAGES IN THE GOSPELS

I equate the harvest of Revelation 14 with a couple of other passages found in the gospels. Not only did Jesus tell a parable about wheat and tares (which we discussed earlier), but also about a dragnet (Matthew 13:47-50). In this story, fishermen cast their net and caught all kinds of fish. After dragging it ashore, they separated their catch by putting the good fish into containers and throwing the bad fish away.

Jesus also spoke of the sheep and the goats (Matthew 25:31-46). He foretold that one day the Son of Man will return and gather the nations together. At this time He will separate them, as a shepherd divides his sheep from the goats. The righteous sheep will be placed on His right, and will inherit the kingdom of God that has been prepared just for them. However, the unrighteous goats will be placed on his left, and will go away into eternal punishment.

All of these passages, the grain harvest of Revelation 14, the grape harvest of Revelation 14, the parable of the wheat and tares, the parable of the dragnet, and the prophecy of the sheep and goats all describe the same thing in various ways. During the last days, Jesus will come and judge the world. He will separate everyone - the living and the dead - into 2 categories. There will be no middle ground. Those who have been born again will receive eternal life while those who remain unrepentant sinners will face eternal condemnation.

CONCLUSION

According to my understanding of the Bible, there will be 3 major judgments that take place during the last days. First, all Christians who accept Jesus prior to the Rapture will be rewarded at the Bema Seat Judgment. This is reserved only for the New Testament Church and will take place during tribulation. Second, all nonbelievers will be judged based on their works and condemned eternally to the lake of fire at the Great White Throne Judgment (Revelation 20:11-15). This will occur after the Millennium ends. In between these 2 events, a third judgment will occur. There will be a great separation of the righteous and the unrighteous at “the Harvest”. This will take place during a brief window of time after the tribulation ends and before the Millennium begins. All of the redeemed will live on into the Millennium with Jesus while the unsaved will be cast into Hades for 1,000 years to await their eternal fate.

For to me, to live is Christ, and to die is gain. - Philippians 1:21

Over the past few weeks, we have studied the 3 characters of the unholy Trinity. Satan is the dragon, the Antichrist is the beast from the sea, and the False Prophet is the beast from the earth. In chapter 14, which we will begin today, there are 4 new and distinct scenes. We will discuss the first 3 of these this morning and save the last 1 for next Sunday. Let’s get started...

I. THE SCENE ON MT. ZION (Revelation 14:1-5)

John looked and saw the Lamb, Jesus Christ, standing on Mt. Zion. He was surrounded by the 144,000 saints who had His name and the name of His Father written on their foreheads. John heard a voice from heaven which sounded like “many waters”, “loud thunder”, and “harpists playing on their harps”. A heavenly choir, presumably made up of the angelic harpists and other singers, sang a new song before the throne of God. The 144,000 saints who were gathered below on Mt. Zion joined them in singing. Of all those living on the earth, only they were able to learn this song.

These 144,000 were described as having been “purchased from the earth”. They had not defiled themselves with women and were celibate. They followed the Lamb wherever He went and were a sort of “first fruits” to God. They were honest and blameless before Him. Like the 120 or so Jewish believers who watched as Jesus ascended into heaven following His first coming, these 144,000 righteous Jews were there to witness His glorious return (Acts 1:9-10).

This scene almost certainly describes the second coming of Christ (Zechariah 8:3), which will occur at the end of The Great Tribulation. The 144,000 saints are, undoubtedly, the very same Messianic Jews who were sealed by God and under His divine protection during the reign of the Antichrist. The marks on their foreheads can be directly contrasted with the mark of the beast, which we discussed last week. In the last days, they will assemble to welcome and greet Jesus upon His return, and will join with the angels in Heaven singing praise to His wonderful name.

II. THE FLIGHTS OF 3 ANGELS (Revelation 14:6-11)

John then saw an angel flying in midheaven bearing the “eternal gospel”. This message was to be preached to the entire earth - people of every language, nation, and tribe. It was a call to fear, worship, and give glory to God - the Creator of the heavens, earth, and everything in them. It was a call to repentance, faith, and salvation. This gospel message also included an urgent warning that the time of the LORD’s judgment had come.

John then saw a second angel following behind the first. This angel proclaimed that “Babylon the great” had fallen. This angel described Babylon as, “she who has made all the nations drink of the wine of the passion of her sexual immorality.” There is great debate among experts regarding the identity of “Babylon”. We will discuss this issue in much greater depth later in this series when we get to chapters 17 and 18.

Finally, John saw a third angel following the other 2. This angel loudly declared a stern warning that if anyone worshiped the beast or took his mark, they would face the full strength of God’s anger and wrath. To be specific, they would face the eternal torment of fire and brimstone without any rest or relief in the presence of the Lamb and His holy angels. In other words, Jesus would see and approve of their everlasting condemnation.

These 3 angels were seen flying in midheaven, which is typically understood as the earth’s lower atmosphere or “sky”. It seems to me that the first angel, who came proclaiming the gospel, would have done so at the very beginning of the 7-year tribulation as a cry to those who would have to endure it. The second angel, who stated that Babylon had already fallen, would seem to arrive at the very end of the tribulation after Babylon had collapsed. The third angel, who gave a warning about the impending mark of the beast, would seem to appear at the midpoint of the tribulation, just prior to the wicked rule of the Antichrist.

If my suggestions are correct, these 3 angels are clearly presented out of chronological order. They appear at the beginning, end, and then middle of the tribulation. To me this is yet another example showing that John recorded his vision in the order that it was revealed to him - not necessarily in its proper chronological sequence. Broadly speaking, the events of Revelation will unfold in the order they are written, but there are numerous examples of flashbacks and foreshadowing found in the text.

III. THE VOICE OF THE HOLY SPIRIT (Revelation 14:12-13)

John exhorted believers to persevere, remain obedient, and keep their faith in Jesus even when confronted with terrible persecution from the Antichrist. His words here echo those he’d penned earlier when originally describing the beast from the sea (Revelation 13:10). Sometimes we need to be encouraged repeatedly, especially in the face of such dire circumstances.

John then heard a voice from Heaven telling him to write. Scripture indicates that this was the Spirit speaking, i.e. the Holy Spirit. Remember that the Holy Spirit was removed from the earth along with all believers at the rapture of the Church and was seen in the heavenly throne room pictured as a 7 lamps of fire (Revelation 4:5). The Spirit dictated, “Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on… so that they may rest from their labors, for their deeds follow with them.” It would seem logical to make this statement at either the beginning of the tribulation or at the midpoint, just before The Great Tribulation. It would not make much sense to say this at the end, when or even after Jesus comes again.

Nevertheless, the summation of these verses is that believers should persevere even unto the point of death if necessary, knowing that it is a blessed thing to die in the Lord. Those who have been born again have the assurance of an eternal rest and the certainty that their good deeds will be rewarded (James 1:12). This is the encouragement of God, as spoken by the Holy Spirit. We can face death courageously, because our hope is in Jesus Christ!

CONCLUSION

The various scenes described in Revelation 14 seem to be, at least in my studied opinion, somewhat scattered in time across the 7-year tribulation period. To me this is the most disorderly, or shall I say non-sequentially presented, chapter in the entire book. For clarity’s sake, let’s review and reemphasize my proposed timeline for the first half of chapter 14.

• Jesus will stand on Mt. Zion and be welcomed by the 144,000 saints at the Second Coming - the end of the tribulation.
• The 1st angel will herald the gospel message to all of those left behind after the rapture who will have to go through the tribulation - the beginning of the tribulation.
• The 2nd angel will proclaim that Babylon the great has fallen - the end of the tribulation.
• The 3rd angel will warn the inhabitants of earth of the consequences that will befall those who take the mark of the beast - the middle of the tribulation.
• The Holy Spirit will inform all believers and/or would-be believers that it is a blessed thing to die in the Lord - the beginning or middle of the tribulation.

Next week we will cover the closing verses of Revelation 14. You’ll not want to miss this message. Until then, remain strong, be faithful, and keep believing knowing that “He who endures to the end will be saved (Matthew 24:13).”

Beware of the false prophets, who come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly are ravenous wolves. - Matthew 7:15

Good morning. Thank you for joining us for worship today. This morning’s sermon is the 19th message of the “Revelation” series. We are currently just over halfway through our study of this incredible book. Based upon my series outline, we should complete this sermon series a week or 2 before Christmas. So settle back and get comfortable, we still have a lot of ground to cover…

This week’s topic is the beast from the earth, the close companion and sinister partner of the beast from the sea. More specifically, they are the Antichrist (who we discussed in the opening verses of chapter 13 last Sunday) and the False Prophet (who we will discuss this morning in the closing verses of chapter 13). The False Prophet is the 3rd person of the unholy trinity, and therefore is to be contrasted with the Holy Spirit.

I. THE MISSION OF THE BEAST (Revelation 13:11-12)

John saw the dragon, Satan, being cast out of heaven and thrown down to the earth. Then he saw the dragon standing on the seashore as a beast rose out of the sea, widely regarded to be the Antichrist. Finally John saw a second beast, this time rising from the earth as if coming up from underground. This beast had 2 horns, like a lamb, but spoke like a dragon. In other words, it appeared to be harmless and gentle, but in reality it was evil and destructive. Looks can be deceiving! There are various interpretations as to the meaning of these horns, and I don’t particularly favor any of them.

More importantly, the second beast exercised the authority of the first beast “in his presence”. The language suggests that the second beast, widely regarded as the False Prophet, was almost always present with the first beast, serving as his chief advisor and trusted associate. The False Prophet derived his authority from the Antichrist, who in turn received his from the Devil. The beast from the earth had a singular purpose - to make all the peoples of earth submit to and worship the beast from the sea.

The beast from the earth, also known as the False Prophet, is the wicked version of the Holy Spirit. Both have a similar mission. While the Holy Spirit does many things, His primary purpose is to point people to Christ and bear witness of Him (John 15:26). The Holy Spirit does not speak of Himself, but rather gives all accolades and praise to Jesus (John 16:13-14). In the same way, the False Prophet will glorify the Antichrist and compel the nations to worship him.  

II. THE METHOD OF THE BEAST (Revelation 13:13-15)

The beast from the earth was able to perform many great and miraculous signs before the people, such as calling fire down from heaven (which Elijah once did in the Old Testament). These signs deceived thousands of unwitting people into following the Antichrist. The False Prophet used deception as his primary tool for leading the world astray. He even convinced the people to construct an image of the first beast (who appeared to have been resurrected from the dead), perhaps like a statue or monument.

The False Prophet had the power to animate the image of the first beast so that it could speak and even kill those who refused to worship it. In other words, this image was unlike dead idols made of wood or stone. It appeared to be alive and had some sort of power and influence. Some commentators speculate that this could be some type of enhanced hologram. Also, many are of the opinion that this image is the “abomination of desolation” which will be set-up in the Temple during the last days (see Matthew 24:15).

When I think of how the Antichrist’s partner-in-crime, the False Prophet, will mislead the people into constructing and worshiping an idol, and can’t help but remember how Moses’ brother and companion Aaron did something very similar. While the stories are not exactly the same, there are clear parallels. Aaron led the children of Israel to worship a golden calf rather than God (see Exodus 32:1-6), while someday the False Prophet will encourage people to worship the image of the Antichrist.

III. THE MARK OF THE BEAST (Revelation 13:16-18)

Finally, John stated that the second beast caused all of the inhabitants of earth to receive a mark on either their right hands or foreheads. No one was exempt from taking the mark. This mandate included “the small and the great, the rich and the poor, and the free and the slaves”. The mark was an indicator of submission and allegiance to the first beast, the Antichrist.

In addition to the mark, people were compelled to bear the name and/or number of the beast from the sea. The number is said to be 666. In the Bible, 6 is the number of man, as people were fashioned on the 6th day of creation. Furthermore, 7 is considered to be the number for perfection. 6 falls short of 7, just as man falls short of perfection. Some experts have suggested that 666 is the numeric form or code of the Antichrist’s actual name and have put forward several possibilities. Some suggest the 666 reveals the corruption of all 3 members of the unholy trinity.

As you might imagine, there has been much debate over the years concerning both the “mark” and the “number” of the beast. What are they exactly? The truth is, no one knows for certain. However, Scripture plainly states that no one will be able to buy or sell anything unless they bear either the mark, name, and/or number of the first beast. These emblems are inseparably tied to commerce and the ability to exchange goods and services. In other words, those who refuse to submit to the Antichrist will be unable to purchase the things they need to survive, such as food and water. Furthermore, they will be unable to earn an income by selling the products and/or services they produce.

While such a scenario used to seem like absurd science fiction, increasingly it has become a viable possibility. With the rise of digital currency, the great decline of bartering and cash transactions, and the advent of credit/debit cards we have entered into a new age of commerce. Most modern sales and purchases are made without any actual, physical money. It’s all just numbers on a computer screen. Therefore, whoever controls the computers also controls the money and can, if they so choose, regulate which exchanges are acceptable and which are not. The ability to exercise absolute control over and to monitor all monetary transactions worldwide is no longer a novel idea. Advances in technology have made the mark of the beast possible.

CONCLUSION

To sum up, the beast from the earth is known as the False Prophet. He is the 3rd person of the unholy Trinity that will set itself up during the end times. His ministry will coincide with the Antichrist, taking place during the Great Tribulation. While the Antichrist will be more concerned with civil and political leadership, the False Prophet will have charge over religious things. Together they will be like the king-high priest duos of the Old Testament.

The beast from the earth will compel people to worship the Antichrist. He will perform miraculous signs that will deceive the masses and lead thousands astray. He will force people to take the “mark of the beast” which is a sign of allegiance and fealty to the Antichrist.

Satan, the Antichrist, and the False prophet will contend with God the Father, Jesus the Son, and the Holy Spirit. They will wreak havoc on the earth and cause much pain and destruction. But their days of deception will be numbered, and ultimately the Truth will prevail...

For many deceivers have gone out into the world, those who do not acknowledge Jesus Christ as coming in the flesh. This is the deceiver and the antichrist. - 2 John 7

Last week, starting with chapter 12, we began a brief study of the 3 evil characters who make up the unholy Trinity. In the last days, they will set themselves up to mimic God the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. We started off by discussing the dragon, who is clearly identified in Scripture as Satan (Revelation 12:9), the evil leader and “Father” of this unsavory group. Today, we will examine the second person of the satanic trio - the beast from the sea. This beast is almost universally recognized as the Antichrist, in contrast to Jesus. We read about him in the first 10 verses of chapter 13. Let’s get started...

I. THE RISE OF THE BEAST (Revelation 13:1-3a)

John described a scene in which the dragon stood on the seashore, presumably beckoning someone. Then he saw a beast rising up out of the sea. The beast had 7 heads and 10 horns, with a crown on each horn. One of the heads bore the marks of a fatal wound that had been miraculously healed. The beast resembled a leopard, with bear’s feet, and having the mouth of a lion. The dragon imparted his strength, authority, and throne to the beast.

John’s description of the beast from the sea is similar to his earlier description of the dragon (Revelation 12:3). Both creatures had 7 heads and 10 horns. This speaks to their common nature. There are various interpretations as to the meaning of these heads and horns. Speaking of the heads, one of the more prominent views is that they represent pagan kingdoms that have oppressed and persecuted God’s children Israel throughout history. To be specific, the 7 heads are thought by many to represent Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Medo-Persia, Greece, Rome, and Turkey (or the Ottomans). Apart from a few periods of Israeli independence, these 7 empires and their related predecessors have sequentially dominated the Jews since their selection as God’s chosen people during the time of the patriarchs up until the present day.

As for the horns, they represent 10 future kings or kingdoms that will give their authority to the beast during the last days (Revelation 17:12-13). Some have speculated that the beast will be the leader of the European Union, a revived or resurrected Roman Empire of sorts, symbolized by the head with the fatal wound that had been healed. Following this theory, the EU will be divided into 10 regions or kingdoms that will each submit themselves to his cruel lordship.

John’s vision of the beast from the sea seems to incorporate all of the elements described centuries before in Daniel’s prophetic vision. Daniel saw 4 beasts coming up from the sea (Daniel 7:4-8). The first appeared to be a lion (believed to represent Babylon), the second was like a bear (believed to represent Medo-Persia), the third looked like a leopard (believed to represent Greece), and the fourth had 10 horns (believed to be Rome). Collectively, these 4 beasts also had 7 heads. Coincidence?  

Whatever your opinion concerning the proper meaning of the beast's heads and horns, notice that he rises to authority upon the calling and empowering of the dragon. Let me put it plainly, as I understand it. After losing the war in heaven during the first half of the tribulation and being thrown down to the earth at its midpoint, a furious and desperate Satan will harken to and initiate the totalitarian rule of the Antichrist.

II. THE REIGN OF THE BEAST (Revelation 13:3b-6)

John saw that the whole world was amazed by, worshiped, and followed the dragon and the beast from the sea. They revered the beast as being greater and stronger than any other. Inspired by his father Satan, the beast was filled with arrogance and pride and spoke blasphemies against God and his children. The beast was given dictatorial authority to rule over the earth for 42 months or 3 ½ years.

The initial commissioning of the Antichrist took place back in Revelation 6:1-2. When Jesus broke the first seal, the rider on the white horse came to earth. This rider, whom I believe to be the Antichrist, was a charismatic, diplomatic world leader who was committed to peace with Israel. Throughout the first half of the tribulation, he gradually became more and more popular and influential. Then, at the midpoint of the tribulation, filled with the Spirit of Satan, the Antichrist morphed into the hideous beast, seized absolute power, and turned against God. He reigned during the Great Tribulation.

I see incredible parallels between this story and that of Judas Iscariot. Jesus called Judas Iscariot to be an apostle, just as God dispatched the rider on the white horse to earth. Jesus knew that Judas would betray him, just as God knew that this rider would soon become the Antichrist. Judas walked with Jesus as His close companion for roughly 3 ½ years, the same amount of time that the Antichrist held friendly relations with Israel. Then Satan filled and darkened Judas’ heart, leading him to betray Christ (John 13:2,27). In the same way, Satan possessed the Antichrist and he became the beast who betrayed and persecuted Israel and the followers of God.

III. THE RAGE OF THE BEAST (Revelation 13:7-10)

The beast made war with the saints of God and overcame them. Though his rage was most fiercely directed specifically toward the Jews, he held power over all of the people and nations of earth. His evil intentions mirrored those of the dragon. All who were unsaved worshiped him, while only those whose names were written in the Lamb’s book of life resisted. They suffered greatly because they refused to submit to the beast.

John urged his readers to listen and understand. This season of adversity (ie, the coming Great Tribulation and the Antichrist’s reign of terror) has been preordained by God. Therefore, it should not come as a surprise. Those who suffer through it must remember that God will punish evildoers by the same measure that they persecute others. Though many will be taken captive and/or killed by the dragon and the beast from the sea during the end times, ultimately they too will suffer a similar fate. Knowing this, believers should be encouraged to persevere even through extreme hardship.   

CONCLUSION

The beast from the sea is the Antichrist. His authority and power come from the dragon (that is, Satan) who exalts him to a place of prominence. The beast will rule over the earth for 42 months, during the Great Tribulation. He will make war with the saints of God and kill many of them, excluding the 144,000 who are under the LORD’s divine protection. However, in the end he (and the dragon) will face God’s justice.

Next week we will study the final member of the unholy trinity - the beast from the earth. Our message will cover the remainder of chapter 13. If you have time this week, read and reflect upon these verses in advance. Then you’ll be even more prepared.

Until next Sunday, may God’s grace and favor be upon you and your family.

You are of your father the devil, and you want to do the desires of your father. He was a murderer from the beginning, and does not stand in the truth because there is no truth in him. Whenever he tells a lie, he speaks from his own nature, because he is a liar and the father of lies. - John 8:44

We have completed our discussion of the 7 seals and the 7 trumpets of the tribulation. In a few weeks, we will begin dealing with the 7 bowls. In the meantime, however, we will consider a few intervening chapters that provide details about major end time characters and events. Chapters 12 and 13 vividly describe the 3 persons of the unholy trinity - namely Satan, the Antichrist, and the False Prophet - who seek to mimic and misrepresent the true, holy Trinity - God the Father, Jesus the Son, and the Holy Spirit. We will highlight each of these 3 unholy charlatans during the next few weeks, starting this morning with Satan... 

I. SATAN FAILS TO DEFEAT JESUS (Revelation 12:1-5)

John saw another great sign appear in heaven. He beheld a woman “clothed with the sun”, having “the moon under her feet”, and wearing a “crown of 12 stars on her head”. Most reputable scholars identify this “woman” as Old Testament Israel. The description given here is similar to that of Joseph's second boyhood dream in which he described his father as the sun, his mother as the moon, and his brothers as stars (Genesis 37:9-11). Jacob’s sons were the patriarchs of the 12 tribes of Israel.

John then saw a great red dragon “having 7 heads and 10 horns”, and on each of the heads was a crown. This “dragon” is clearly identified as the Devil (v9). Most commentators interpret these heads, crowns, and horns as various kings, kingdoms, and leaders under Satanic control. We will see a similar description given to the “beasts” of Revelation 13:1 and Revelation 17:3.  John stated that this dragon swept away ⅓ of the stars. This statement mostly likely refers to the original rebellion and fall of Lucifer (Isaiah 14:12-15), during which it is believed that ⅓ of God’s angels joined the failed insurrection and consequently became demons.

John explained that the “woman” was pregnant, had gone into labor, and was crying out in pain because she was on the verge of giving birth. The evil dragon stood before her, intending to devour her newborn Child as soon as it was delivered. She gave birth to a Son who would “rule the nations with a rod of iron” and, before the dragon could consume it, the Child was “caught up to God and His throne”. This Child is generally believed to be Jesus Christ. He was born of the Jews (Israel), overcame the Devil’s attempts to destroy him, and ascended into heaven where He sits at God’ right hand. 

II. SATAN IS THROWN DOWN TO EARTH (Revelation 12:7-12)

Next, John stated that a war broke out in heaven between the forces of God, led by the archangel Michael, and the forces of Satan. The Devil and his armies were defeated, expelled from heaven, and cast down to the earth. It is widely held that this “war” is totally different from the initial rebellion of Satan mentioned earlier. The original fall of Lucifer occurred in ages past, probably even before the creation of man, while this conflict will presumably take place in the future. To be specific, I think this particular war in heaven will begin during the first half of the Tribulation and end at the midpoint.

John then heard a loud voice in heaven praising God and proclaiming His kingdom because the accuser of the righteous had been thrown down to the earth. Obviously, this outcast “accuser” was Satan. The armies of God had overcome him by the blood of the Lamb (Jesus Christ), their testimony (or faith), and their unyielding courage. Those in heaven were told to rejoice, seeing that the Devil and his demons had been expelled from their presence. However, those on the earth were warned to be extremely wary because the Devil had come down to them and was hell-bent, knowing that his remaining time was short.

It is important to note that, currently, Satan has access to the throne room of Heaven. As we see in the case of Job, he is permitted to come before God and make accusations against His children. While he and his demons are typically thought of as roaming about the earth, actively seeking to turn the hearts of mankind against God, clearly Satan still has permission to appear in Heaven. Following this war, however, he and his fallen angels will be thrown out of God’s presence and not permitted to return. As we will see in chapter 13, upon the dragon’s expulsion from heaven the Antichrist will come into power and the Great Tribulation will begin.

III. SATAN PERSECUTES GOD’S FOLLOWERS (Revelation 12:6, 13-17)

John said that when the dragon realized he had been cast out of heaven, he began to furiously persecute the woman who had given birth to the Child. In other words, the Devil set out to oppress and terrorize Israel and the Jewish people. To his dismay, 2 wings of a great eagle were given to the woman and she flew away into the wilderness where she was protected from the dragon and nourished for 3 ½ years (a time, times, and half a time). This was foreshadowed back in verse 6 when she fled into the wilderness for 1,260 days (3 ½ years). Though he desperately sought to harm her by hurling waters from his mouth in hopes of sweeping her away in the flood, the earth came to her aid and swallowed the waters.

This figurative language describes the Devil’s unsuccessful attempts to destroy Israel during the Great Tribulation. I believe that it refers specifically to the 144,000 Messianic Jews (ie, true Israel) who will be sealed by God and protected from Satan and the Antichrist. Some have even speculated that the LORD will use the United States, as alluded to by the “eagle’s wings”, as a protector of Israel. I don’t particularly share this interpretation, but it is interesting to think about I suppose…

Once the dragon recognized that he was unable to destroy the woman, and having already failed to devour her Child (Jesus), he then turned his anger toward her other children. These “other” children included all of those who kept the commandments of God and held to the testimony of Jesus. In other words, in his growing frustration and desperation the Devil began to pour out his wrath upon all believers (other than the 144,000) - whether Jew or Gentile. He persecuted anyone who would not submit to his rule, through the evil hands of the Antichrist.   

CONCLUSION

In closing, I believe that Revelation 12 provides a thorough and graphic description of Satan’s progressive collapse. He was originally created by God as a beautiful, blameless angel (Isaiah 28:13-15). Over time, however, he became envious and prideful. Wanting to be God himself, Satan led an unsuccessful rebellion against the LORD Almighty. Though soundly defeated, he and the fallen angels who joined him were still permitted to commune with and exercise limited influence over the affairs of mankind. God created human beings with free will, and therefore tolerated the continued presence of Satan on earth consistent with His divine purposes.

The dragon’s greatest attempt to thwart God came when he sought to destroy Jesus. Working through the crazed King Herod, the Devil sought to murder Jesus as a baby. When that failed, he tried to taint Jesus’ ministry and render it ineffective by tempting Him to sin (especially in the wilderness). When those efforts also proved unsuccessful, he spurred the Jews and Romans to crucify Christ. Even that didn’t work, as Jesus triumphantly rose from the grave!

In the last days Satan will stage another futile uprising against God. This time he and his angels will be completely banished from Heaven and cast down to the earth. There they will rage against Israel and God’s children during the Great Tribulation. Ultimately, with time running out, the Devil will rally all of his forces together in a collective assault against God at the Battle of Armageddon… more on that later.

Here is the bottom line - Satan is a loser. He was unable to overthrow God the Father in ages past or defeat Jesus the Son at Calvary, and he will never derail the LORD’s plan for Israel and/or His redeemed people. Though he has created chaos and inflicted extensive damage on humanity, Satan’s eternal fate is sealed and his doom is certain. Those who follow him will share in his downfall and humiliation.

Now after John was taken into custody, Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of God, and saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospel.” - Mark 1:14-15

Thank you for joining us this morning as we continue our study through the Revelation of Jesus Christ. This is the first time I’ve ever seriously and meticulously examined this book, chapter by chapter and verse by verse. To be honest, up to this point I’ve been somewhat intimidated by it and felt unqualified to teach it. As we work our way through it together, my prayer is that God will enable me to present Revelation correctly, clearly, and rationally. How would you say that I’m doing so far?

I. VOICES IN HEAVEN (Revelation 11:15)

Starting back in chapter 10, John’s vision temporarily transported him to the earth where he took the little scroll from the mighty angel’s hand and ate it (10:8-11) and then measured the Jewish temple in Jerusalem (11:1). Now, as he returns his attention to the series of trumpet judgments, John again finds himself in the heavenly throne room of God. He watched as the 7th and final angel standing in line before the throne of God blew their trumpet.

When the trumpet sounded, John heard loud voices in heaven saying, “The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of His Christ; and He will reign forever and ever.” Scripture does not specifically identify who was speaking. That said, it could be the 4 living creatures, or some angels and/or archangels, or perhaps even the Tribulation saints. I personally do not believe it was raptured Christians (the Church), as they are represented by the 24 elders who speak next.

According to their statement, by this point the worldly kingdom had given way to the kingdom of God. Jesus, the King of kings, had begun His never-ending reign. This seemingly refers to the Millennial reign of Christ, which I believe will precede the eternal state. With this in mind, the overwhelming majority of Bible experts place these events after the Great Tribulation ends.

The timing of 7th Trumpet provides strong evidence that these individual scenes are not always written in chronological order. While most of them are, some - like this one - clearly aren’t. The fall of the world system and the beginning of Christ’s reign over the kingdom of God clearly occur at the end of the tribulation. If the events of John’s vision were written in precise chronological order, this would take place in the final chapters of Revelation, not in the middle! As stated earlier, I believe that John recorded the things he saw in the order that they were presented to him, which is not necessarily the same order in which they will occur.

II. THE 24 ELDERS SPEAK (Revelation 11:16-18)

After the unidentified voices finished, John then heard the 24 elders speak. Many noted Bible commentators believe that these elders represent redeemed Christians. They fell on their faces before God, worshiping Him and saying, “We give You thanks, Lord God, the Almighty, the One who is and who was, because You have taken Your great power and have begun to reign. And the nations were enraged, and Your wrath came, and the time came for the dead to be judged, and the time to reward Your bond-servants the prophets and the saints and those who fear Your name, the small and the great, and to destroy those who destroy the earth.”

Their statement contains several important parts. First, they expressed thanks to God because He had demonstrated His great power and had begun to reign. Second, they stated that the nations were enraged and that God’s wrath came. Putting these 2 ideas together, we see that the nations of the world railed against God, He poured out His judgment upon them with great power during the tribulation, and then set up His kingdom after defeating them. This statement basically echoes that of the unidentified “loud voices” in verse 15.

The words of the 24 elders also provide insight into certain events that take place after the tribulation ends. They said that the time had come for the dead to be judged, for the LORD’s servants to be rewarded, and for God to destroy those who destroyed the earth. I personally believe that all 3 of these things will take place between the Second Coming of Christ and the beginning of His Millennial reign on earth. We will discuss each of these events in much more detail later in this series.

III. THE HEAVENLY TEMPLE (Revelation 11:19)

Having heard the loud voices in heaven followed by those of the 24 elders, John then saw the temple in heaven being opened. He was able to see the “ark of His covenant”, suggesting that even the veil shielding the Holy of Holies was removed. All of the contents of the heavenly temple were exposed. As he watched, there were peals of lighting and rumbles of thunder, along with an earthquake and a great hailstorm.

The Bible repeatedly speaks of a temple in heaven, where the LORD dwells (Psalm 11:4). God instructed Moses to construct the earthly tabernacle after the model of or in the pattern of the heavenly temple (Exodus 25:9,40; Hebrews 8:5). After His death on the cross, Jesus entered this temple as our great High Priest once and for all time to obtain redemption for believers (Hebrews 9:11-12). Some scholars suggest that the temple of God in heaven refers to all of heaven (the LORD’s dwelling place), while others argue that it is a specific building or sanctuary in heaven - one not made by human hands. I do not have a strong opinion on this either way.

Like most of Revelation, there are various interpretations surrounding the meaning of this passage. I tend to think that it refers to the return of Christ. The earthquake, lightning, thunder, and hail are reminiscent of other passages that describe the Second Coming. Perhaps the heavenly temple is “opened” to show that Jesus has come out of it. If so, we can combine this portion of the vision with the voices cited in the preceding verses to conclude that at the sounding of the 7th trumpet Jesus will leave the heavenly temple, return to earth, and begin His reign there.

CONCLUSION

With the sounding of the 7th blast, the trumpet judgments come to an end. Remember, the final 3 trumpets are sometimes called the “3 woes”. Woe to the earth, for a horde of demonic locusts will come to terrorize people for 5 months (5th Trumpet). Woe to the earth, for an army of 200,000,000 will rise up and kill ¼ of the population (6th Trumpet). Woe to the earth, for God’s kingdom is coming, sinners will be judged, and His enemies will be utterly and completely destroyed (7th Trumpet).

Following the 7 trumpets, there is a final series of 7 bowl judgments. However, these are not mentioned until chapter 15. For the next few weeks, as we work our way through chapters 12-14, we will discuss several scenes from John’s vision that are not connected to any prescribed series of judgments. That said, they will provide us with greater details and a further understanding of end time events.

In closing, the Lord is coming again. He will establish His Kingdom. Jesus will reign eternally. His enemies will be defeated, sinners will be judged, and the righteous will be rewarded. It is going to happen. So, are you ready?

“You are My witnesses,” declares the Lord, “and My servant whom I have chosen, so that you may know and believe Me and understand that I am He. Before Me there was no God formed, and there will be none after Me. I, only I, am the Lord, and there is no savior besides Me.” - Isaiah 43:10-11

In last week’s message on Revelation chapter 10, the LORD spoke to John personally and encouraged him to continue prophesying. Perhaps this apocalyptic vision of sweeping horrors and terrifying judgments was beginning to get to him. I can see how he might be hesitant to keep watching and writing. If it were me, I might have closed my eyes and cried, “Make it stop! I don’t want to see anymore!” Nevertheless, God lovingly urged John to go on prophesying and, thankfully, he did.

This morning we will discuss another scene that John saw between the 6th and 7th trumpet judgments. The one involves 2 witnesses. Open your Bibles to Revelation chapter 11 and let’s get started...  

I. THEIR LOCATION & TIMING (Revelation 11:1-3)

John wrote that he was given a measuring rod, similar to a staff, or what we might think of today as a yardstick. He was told to go and measure the temple of God and its altar, and to count the number of people worshiping there. However, he was ordered not to measure the courtyard around the temple, as it had been given to the Gentiles who would “trample the Holy City for 42 months”. In other words, John was instructed to go and measure an earthly temple in Jerusalem where people were freely and actively worshiping and offering sacrifices to God.

In order for this to actually happen, many eschatologists argue that the Jewish Temple will have to be rebuilt and in use prior to the tribulation. After all, how can John be expected to measure a building and count the number of people there if it doesn’t physically exist? Furthermore, the fact that John saw people worshiping God there seems to place these events in the first half of the tribulation period, prior to the Antichrist’s desecration of the temple and the cessation of such worship.

The voice (which seemingly belonged to God) then said, “I will grant authority to my 2 witnesses and they will prophesy for 1,260 days.” I propose that the LORD will raise up 2 witnesses who will minister in or near the Jewish temple in Jerusalem during the first 3 ½ years (or 1,260 days) of the tribulation. After their departure, during the second half of the tribulation, known as “The Great Tribulation” (which is also 3 ½ years or 42 months), both Jerusalem and its temple will be profaned by the Antichrist and his pagan followers. Worship to God will be outlawed and believers severely punished.

II. THEIR POWER & MINISTRY (Revelation 11:4-6)

The 2 witnesses were described as “olive trees” and “lampstands” that stood before the LORD of the earth. This imagery is comparable to that of the Old Testament prophet Zechariah who saw a vision of 2 olive trees that continuously provided oil to a lampstand (Zechariah 4). In his vision, God was revealing that the work of rebuilding the temple would be supernaturally sustained and accomplished by the power of the Holy Spirit, through the hands of Zerubbabel and Joshua. In Revelation, God is revealing His intention to protect and empower these 2 witnesses to complete their service.

The 2 witnesses were adequately equipped to confront their adversaries. They were not to go on the offensive, but were given permission to defend themselves against those who sought to do them harm. They had the ability to devour their enemies with fire that flowed from their mouths. In addition, they had the power to withhold the rain from falling, to turn waters into blood, and to strike the earth with a plaque as often as desired. These powers were very similar to those given to Moses and Elijah, prominent Jewish prophets.

Though the Bible does not clearly state the purpose of these 2 witnesses, I think we can make a few reasonable assumptions. First, they will be present to proclaim the message of God in the absence of the Church. Following the Rapture, Christians will no longer be on the earth. God will send these 2 witnesses to declare His name during the first half of the tribulation. As a result, many will be saved. Second, seeing their close resemblance to Moses and Elijah, many formerly unbelieving Jews will give them credibility, hear their message, and accept it. I believe that the 144,000 Messianic Jews (who evangelize during “The Great Tribulation”) will come to faith as a direct result of the ministry of these 2 witnesses.

III. THEIR DEATH & RESURRECTION (Revelation 11:7-13)

At the end of their testimony, John saw “the beast that comes up out of the abyss” overcome and kill the 2 witnesses. Their bodies were left lying in the streets of Jerusalem and many people from different nations, tribes, and tongues saw them. The evil and wicked people who hated God and His witnesses gleefully celebrated their deaths.

Then, after 3 ½ days, God brought the 2 witnesses back to life. They stood to their feet and fear overcame all who were watching. Then a loud voice from heaven (probably God’s) said, “Come up here!” and they ascended in a cloud as their enemies watched. Immediately there was a great earthquake, a tenth of Jerusalem collapsed due to the shaking, and 7,000 people were killed. Those who survived were terrified and gave glory to God.

As stated earlier, I believe these 2 witnesses will appear on the same day that the tribulation begins. They will serve faithfully during the rise of the Antichrist, while he and his forces are still at peace with Israel. However, after 3 ½ years pass, at the midpoint of the Tribulation, when the Antichrist comes to power, he will betray God’s people. His evil partner, the False Prophet (Revelation 16:11-18), will subsequently kill the 2 witnesses and seek to take their place. Following my timeline, the death, resurrection, and ascension of the 2 witnesses occurs in the middle of the tribulation, accompanied by a catastrophic earthquake in Jerusalem.

CONCLUSION

Before we conclude, notice that John ends this section of Revelation by saying, “the second woe has passed”. This refers back to the 6th trumpet judgment, which is the second woe. It does not pertain to passages about “the angel and the little scroll” or “the 2 witnesses”, both of which were inserted in the trumpet sequence. The statement marks the end of this parenthetical break. From here, John returns to and concludes his discussion of the 7 trumpets, as we will see in next week’s message.

The main idea for today is this… though he may try to distort it, pervert it, dilute it, and/or distract us from hearing it, Satan simply cannot prevent God from heralding the message of Jesus and His salvation to the world. Throughout history God has chosen representatives to carry this life-saving message, such as Old Testament Israel and the New Testament Church. Even during the horrible tribulation of the last days, the gospel of God’s kingdom will be preached starting with the 2 witnesses and ending with the 140,000 Jews. People will be saved because the word of God will not be chained (2 Timothy 2:9).

And He said to me, “Son of man, feed your stomach and fill your body with this scroll which I am giving you.” Then I ate it, and it was as sweet as honey in my mouth. - Ezekiel 3:3

Earlier in this series, we came across some parenthetical information between the breaking of the 6th and 7th seals. John described a brief pause in the first series of judgments to allow for the sealing of 144,000 Jews and also told of a celebratory praise chorus being offered to God by the Tribulation Saints. Following this same pattern, we now encounter several verses inserted between the sounding of the 6th and 7th trumpets. This week and next, we will carefully examine the details and content found in this brief interlude.

This morning we will focus exclusively on chapter 10. In some ways, it is uniquely different from all of the other chapters in Revelation. As we study it today, I will try to explain how. Now that I’ve piqued your interest, let’s get started…
 
I. THE 7 THUNDERS (Revelation 10:1-4)

From his heavenly vantage point, John saw a “strong” angel coming down from heaven. While there are many angels mentioned in this apocalyptic vision, only 3 are described as strong angels (Revelation 5:2, 10:1, and 18:21). This angel was clothed with a cloud, had a rainbow on his head, his face shone like the sun, and his feet like pillars of fire. He had a little scroll in his hand that was opened. Based on this description, a few commentators believe this “angel” to be Jesus carrying the scroll which He opened earlier. However, Jesus is never referred to as an angel anywhere else in scripture - in fact, He is clearly distinguished from and exalted above angels (Hebrews 1). The more widely accepted view is that this extravagant angel was likely an archangel and the little scroll was not the same document as the 7-sealed scroll from before.

This mighty angel stood with his right foot on the sea and his left foot on the land. He cried out with a loud voice, which boomed like the roaring of a lion. His speech was like 7 peals of thunder speaking. John began to write down what each of these 7 rumbles of thunder said, but a voice from heaven stopped him. The voice, presumably from God, told him to “Seal up the things” spoken by the 7 thunders and “do not write them”. They contained additional revelation specifically and exclusively for John, which was not to be shared with others.

The portion of Revelation that pertains to the 7-year tribulation includes and unfolds around 3 sets of 7 judgments - the seals, the trumpets, and the bowls. However, there is a 4th and unknown group of 7 - these 7 mysterious thunders. What did these thunders say? Did they unleash more judgments? There are some things that God intentionally keeps hidden from us, and we just have to trust that He has a good reason to keep them secret (Deuteronomy 29:29). These “thunders” are a prime example.

II. THE ANGEL’S OATH (Revelation 10:5-7)

The angel who stood on the sea and the land raised his right hand to Heaven. He swore by Him who lives forever and ever, who created the heavens (the sky), the earth (the land), and the sea and all the living things in each of them. The angel’s stance with one of his feet on the sea, the other on the land, and his hand held up in the air is a picture of the comprehensive nature of His oath. He swore by God - the Eternal Creator - that there would be no more delay, perhaps speaking of the remaining judgments contained in his little scroll. When the 7th angel sounded his trumpet, the mystery of God would be finished just as it was announced by the prophets.

The Old Testament hero Daniel was deported from Judah as a child and spent most of his life serving the kings of Babylon and Persia. He is well known for surviving a night in the lion’s den. Many people do not realize that Daniel had visions and wrote several amazing prophecies, including one that is very similar to this portion of John’s revelation. Daniel described seeing “a man dressed in linen” (presumably an angel) swearing to God that after the destruction of His holy people “all of these events will be completed” (Daniel 12:7). Most commentators ascribe Daniel’s vision to the last days, and like John, he was also told to seal it up and keep it secret. 

III. THE BITTERSWEET SCROLL  (Revelation 10:8-11)

John again heard the voice from heaven, which is widely considered to be the voice of God.  He told John to, “Go, take the scroll which is open in the hand of the angel who stands on the sea and on the land.” Following the LORD’s directive, John went to the angel and asked for the little scroll. This exchange suggests that John was temporarily transported - at least in his vision - from the heavenly throne room back down to the earth where the angel stood.

The angel told John to take the scroll and eat it. He said that it would taste as “sweet as honey” in his mouth, but would make his stomach “bitter”. So John took the little scroll from the angel’s hand and ate it. Sure enough, it was sweet in his mouth but bitter in his belly. Once again, we find a similar episode in the Old Testament ministry of Ezekiel. He was also given a scroll to eat. Most Bible scholars interpret these scenes metaphorically. The gift of prophecy and having an important message from God to share is a sweet privilege, however the contents of that message - in this case, looming judgment for unrepentant sin - can be bitter and unsettling.  

After eating the little scroll, “they” spoke to John. This most likely was both the voice of God and the strong angel. Together the 2 of them gave John a final admonition. He was commanded to continue prophesying “concerning many peoples, nations, languages, and kings.” In other words, this short personal encounter in his prophetic vision was over and it was time for him to continue writing about the upcoming judgments of the last days.  

CONCLUSION

The scenes described in today’s sermon are unique from other parts of John’s vision in a few different ways. Let me close this morning by pointing out a few of these distinctions:

First, while most of Revelation seeks to reveal or disclose mysteries about the end times, this particular chapter highlights certain information that is to be kept secret. Only John is privy to the revelation given by the 7 thunders. The rest of us will simply have to wait and wonder what they might have told him…

Second, those who share a futuristic interpretation of Revelation see it as a vision of coming events - a preview of the last days. However, the events of this chapter don’t necessarily pertain to the future or the tribulation at all. Rather, they seem to be for John’s benefit only. It is though the narrator - who has been telling the story - suddenly and briefly becomes the main character. To me, it is reminiscent of those scenes in the movie The Princess Bride where the story itself pauses to show a conversation between the grandson and his grandfather who is reading the book.

Finally, why did John mention this episode in Revelation if he was restricted from revealing the rest of what he heard and saw? Perhaps it was to show God’s concern for him as an individual. I can’t help but think that John was, by this point, troubled by the extensive judgments he’d already witnessed - and there were more to come. Perhaps he needed some reassurance to press on. In this chapter, God - along with His strong angel - personally gave John a word of encouragement to keep watching, listening, and prophesying.